Mezzanine Capital, also known as Mezzanine Debt, is a type of liability funding that comprises equity-based option, such as rights and warrants, and a lower-priority debt. It is a hybrid debt matter that is in subordinate to an existing debt, a debt provided by senior lenders such as banks and venture capital investors. It is frequently used in financing acquisitions and buyouts where it can be used to prioritize new owners ahead of existing owners in the event that a bankruptcy occurs. It basically gives the lender the right to assume ownership of the company if the debt is not paid back in time and in full.
Mezzanine capital is commonly used by companies beyond the start-up phase but before initial public offering or IPO, to fund the last stage of the projects or to fund unexpected operational costs before going public. This unsecured form of funding usually involves attachment of security interest to the stock of a corporation and does not attach a security interest on its physical asset. Because mezzanine debt is unsecured, lenders typically charge a higher interest rate more than on senior debt instruments. For some riskier projects such as real estate business, the interest rate differs significantly. Hence, many companies try to seek other less expensive forms of debts before acquiring mezzanine debt.
Mezzanine debt behaves more like a stock than a debt because of the enclosed options that include stock call options, rights, and warrants. Oftentimes it is an expensive source of funding than secured debt or senior debt. Nevertheless, it is advantageous because it is treated more like equity on a company’s balance sheet and may make it easier to acquire standard bank financing. It does not require collateral and no typical inspections just like in a typical conventional lender, thus, providing the mezzanine capital quickly. However, if the borrower defaults, the lender therefore will be entitled to receive ownership interests in the entire corporation, including all physical assets and liabilities.
Companies who invest mezzanine capital should be profitable. They must have proven track record in their chosen industry with established reputation and product, a history of profitability, and should have a viable expansion plan to draw attention for future mezzanine funding. These are typically what these lenders look for since they offer high return of investment with high risk, and a placement agent is hired accordingly. They are an outside firm who would help market the lender’s fund to institutional investors.
